Wang 2012.
| Methods |
FLUOROSIS STUDY Country of study: China Geographic location: not stated Year of study: 2008‐2009 Year of change in fluoridation status: NA Study design: cross sectional |
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| Participants | Inclusion criteria: not stated Exclusion criteria: not stated Other sources of fluoride: not stated Social class: not stated Ethnicity: not stated Residential history: in the mild, moderate and severe endemic areas, the authors made reference to native‐born residents, but it is not clear what proportion of them constituted the entire population Other confounding factors: not stated |
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| Interventions | All natural fluoridation Group 1: 1.3 ppm Group 2: 2‐4 ppm |
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| Outcomes | Dental fluorosis (Dean's Index); skeletal fluorosis Age at assessment: 8‐12 years for dental fluorosis and > 16 years for skeletal fluorosis |
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| Funding | Supported by the Chinese government for Endemic Disease Control in 2008‐2009 | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Sampling | Low risk | Villages were selected at random, and in the selected villages, all eligible children were invited to participate |
| Confounding | High risk | Did not account for the use of fluoride from other sources or SES |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Insufficient information |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Data presented for all participants |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Outcome of interest reported |
| Other bias | High risk | No mention of examiner calibration |