TABLE 1.
Functional consequences of different ubiquitination chain topologies
| Chain formation | Functions |
|---|---|
| Lys-48 | Proteasomal degradation (84) |
| Lys-11 | Proteasomal degradation (85) |
| Regulation of cell division (73) | |
| Lys-63 | DNA damage repair (13) |
| Protein trafficking (14) | |
| Protein sorting (86) | |
| Regulation of transcription (15) | |
| Kinase signaling (16) | |
| Protein scaffolding (16) | |
| Oxidative stress response (87) | |
| Lys-27 | DNA damage response (79) |
| Mitochondrial clearance (88) | |
| Lys-29 | Regulation AMPK-related kinases (74) |
| Lysosomal degradation (89) | |
| Lys-6 | BRCA1-mediated DNA damage repair (75) |
| Lys-33 | Regulation AMPK-related kinases (74) |
| DNA damage response (78) | |
| Monoubiquitination | Endocytosis (11) |
| Intracellular localization (90) | |
| Protein trafficking (91) | |
| Histone modification (12) | |
| DNA damage repair (42) |