Table 2.
Impact of dietary oil supplements on serum fatty acid
| Serum fatty acid profile | CO | BO | FO | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline * (SD) | Post-oil * (SD) | p-value | Baseline * (SD) | Post-oil * (SD) | p-value | Baseline * (SD) | Post-oil * (SD) | p-value | |
| Cl4:0 | 0.70 (0.07) | 0.66 (0.05) | 0.56 | 0.69 (0.08) | 0.66 (0.04) | 0.86 | 0.72 (0.07) | 0.62 (0.06) | 0.78 |
| C14:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| C15:0 | 0.15 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.58 | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.46 | 0.16 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.38 |
| C15:1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| C16:0 | 21.19 (0.40) | 20.75 (0.37) | 0.23 | 20.64 (0.41) | 20.49 (0.37) | 0.71 | 21.65 (0.47) | 20.76 (0.39) | 0.51 |
| C16:1 n-7 | 1.68 (0.13) | 1.57 (0.13) | 0.23 | 1.58 (0.08) | 1.39 (0.08) | 0.03 | 1.92 (0.24) | 1.55 (0.14) | 0.002 |
| C17:1 | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.24 | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.05 | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.05 |
| C18:0 | 7.47 (0.09) | 7.62 (0.12) | 0.21 | 7.23 (0.14) | 7.55 (0.16) | <0.001 | 7.00 (0.25) | 7.39 (0.27) | 0.02 |
| C18:1 | 0.21 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.21 | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.63 | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.02 |
| C18:1 n-9 | 20.63 (0.96) | 20.30 (0.61) | 0.15 | 20.22 (0.51) | 19.60 (0.44) | 0.10 | 21.92 (0.98) | 20.24 (0.52) | 0.004 |
| C18:1 n-11 | 1.60 (0.06) | 1.51 (0.06) | 0.03 | 1.50 (0.07) | 1.44 (0.05) | 0.94 | 1.84 (0.06) | 1.56 (0.06) | <0.001 |
| C18:2 n-6 [LA] | 31.99 (1.26) | 33.11 (0.93) | <0.001 | 32.67 (0.98) | 30.97 (0.80) | 0.002 | 29.71 (1.28) | 29.94 (1.14) | 0.86 |
| C18:3 n-6 [GLA] | 0.53 (0.03) | 0.52 (0.03) | 0.32 | 0.59 (0.04) | 1.20 (0.08) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.45 (0.05) | 0.01 |
| C18:3 n-3 [ALA] | 0.73 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.05) | 0.85 | 0.80 (0.05) | 1.05 (0.05) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.09) | 0.83 (0.06) | 0.16 |
| C18:4 n-3 [SDA] | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.82 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.003 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.69 |
| C20:0 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.81 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00) (0.00) | 1.00 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.00 |
| C20:1 n-9 | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.09 | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.83 | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.01 |
| C20:2 n-6 | 0.30 (0.02) | 0.31 (0.01) | 0.72 | 0.32 (0.01) | 0.24 (0.01) | <0.001 | 0.33 (0.02) | 0.23 (0.18) | <0.001 |
| C20:3 n-6 [DGLA] | 1.68 (0.08) | 1.61 (0.05) | 0.32 | 1.51 (0.08) | 1.97 (0.09) | <0.001 | 1.43 (0.09) | 1.45 (0.07) | 0.002 |
| C20:4 n-6 [AA] | 8.17 (0.56) | 8.11 (0.46) | 0.83 | 9.12 (0.40) | 9.16 (0.34) | 0.05 | 8.68 (0.40) | 7.31 (0.36) | <0.001 |
| C20:5 n-3 [EPA] | 0.48 (0.04) | 0.46 (0.05) | 0.28 | 0.573 (0.05) | 0.89 (0.08) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.07) | 2.79 (0.18) | <0.001 |
| C22:0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| C22:1 n-9 | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.20 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.15 (0.06) | 0.008 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.19 (0.11) | 0.03 |
| C22:2 n-6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| C22:5 n-3 [DPA] | 0.54 (0.03) | 0.51 (0.03) | 0.25 | 0.55 (0.02) | 0.65 (0.02) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.03) | 0.89 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| C24:0 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.81 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.88 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.01) | 1.00 |
| C22:6 n-3 [DHA] | 1.71 (0.12) | 1.60 (0.11) | 0.13 | 1.63 (0.10) | 1.58 (0.11) | 0.56 | 1.73 (0.016) | 3.58 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| C24:1 n-9 | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.25 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.50 | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.25 |
*% total fatty acids.
Data are the mean (SD) at baseline and after oil supplementation (combined 4- and 8-week data). Pre – post changes within a supplementation arm that reached statistical significance are shown by a bolded p-value.