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Mean change scores for delayed story recall from baseline to month 4, with standard errors of the mean (error bars), by sex and treatment group. Placebo indicates saline condition, Low Dose indicates 20 IU intranasal insulin, High Dose indicates 40 IU intranasal insulin. Note: A higher score represents cognitive improvement over time. *Significant treatment effect, p = 0.02. **Significant sex×treatment Interaction, p = 0.05.
