. 2007 Feb 27;454(4):635–647. doi: 10.1007/s00424-007-0236-0

Table 2.

Tracer kinetics and respiratory measures during exercise

	First hour		Second hour		Third hour		Exercise average
	CON	CHO	CON	CHO	CON	CHO	CON	CHO
Glucose
R_a (μmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	21.1 ± 2.7	46.8 ± 9.6^a	28.8 ± 4.8	55.8 ± 6.8^a	38.1 ± 7.5	72.9 ± 8.2^a	30.4 ± 4.7	59.9 ± 7.2^a
R_d (μmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	21.9 ± 3.1	48.3 ± 12.3^a	30.3 ± 7.9	60.0 ± 11.2^a	39.5 ± 7.2	72.9 ± 8.5^a	31.7 ± 4.7	61.9 ± 7.3^a
Palmitate
R_a (μmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	2.49 ± 0.80	2.03 ± 0.40^a	3.55 ± 0.78	1.97 ± 0.57^a	6.43 ± 0.89	3.60 ± 1.92^a	4.36 ± 0.71	2.59 ± 0.70^a
R_d (μmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	2.48 ± 0.79	2.06 ± 0.40^a	3.50 ± 0.79	1.96 ± 0.56^a	6.36 ± 0.88	3.57 ± 1.34^a	4.32 ± 0.70	2.58 ± 0.69^a
R_ox (μmol kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)	2.28 ± 0.73	1.84 ± 0.42^a	3.49 ± 0.72	1.91 ± 0.68^a	6.35 ± 0.73	3.62 ± 1.38^a	4.26 ± 0.59	2.53 ± 0.77^a
%R_a ox	91.5 ± 5.9	90.9 ± 8.6	98.7 ± 5.83	95.6 ± 8.8	99.4 ± 7.8	99.8 ± 7.0	97.2 ± 6.2	96.0 ± 6.8
Ac recovery	81.7 ± 5.7	–	86.5 ± 4.7	–	86.2 ± 4.1	–	85.8 ± 3.9	–
Respiratory measures
VO₂ (ml)	2,666 ± 91	2,690 ± 90	2,713 ± 88	2,709 ± 98	2,773 ± 93	2,772 ± 109	2,717 ± 89	2,724 ± 97
VCO₂ (ml)	2,361 ± 81	2,412 ± 76	2,336 ± 76	2,424 ± 84^a	2,327 ± 88	2,453 ± 94^a	2,342 ± 79	2,430 ± 83^a
RER	0.89 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01^a	0.84 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.01^a	0.86 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.01^a

Values are expressed as means ± SD, n = 10. Tracer kinetics during each hour of exercise and averaged during 3 h of cycling at 50% W_max in the CON and CHO trial.

R_a Rate of appearance; R_d rate of disappearance; R_ox rate of oxidation; %R_aox %R_a palmitate oxidized; Ac recovery fraction 1,2-¹³C acetate label recovery in expired CO₂

^aSignificantly different compared with the CON trial (P < 0.05)