Table 3.
Results for Participants Not Using GLP-1 RAs and Without Changes in Diabetes or Lipid-Lowering Medications During Study Period.
| Value, Mean (95% CI) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | All Participants (N = 39) | Not Plant-Based at Baseline (N = 19) | Plant-Based at Baseline (N = 20) | |||||||||
| Baseline | Week 12 | Change | P value a | Baseline | Week 12 | Change | P value a | Baseline | Week 16 | Change | P value a | |
| Weight (kg) | 92.0 (85.5 to 98.5) | 88.5 (82.4 to 94.6) | −3.5 (−4.5 to −2.5) | <.0001 | 94.4 (84.1 to 104.8) | 90.0 (80.4 to 99.5) | −4.5 (−5.9 to −3.0) | <.0001 | 89.7 (80.8 to 98.5) | 87.1 (78.7 to 95.5) | −2.6 (−3.8 to −1.3) | .0004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8 (29.9 to 33.7) | 30.6 (28.8 to 32.4) | −1.2 (−1.5 to −0.9) | <.0001 | 32.5 (29.9 to 35.0) | 31.0 (28.5 to 33.4) | −1.5 (−1.9 to −1.1) | <.0001 | 31.2 (28.2 to 34.2) | 30.3 (27.4 to 33.1) | −0.9 (−1.3 to −0.5) | .0003 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (6.9 to 7.8) | 6.9 (6.6 to 7.2) | −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.2) | .0005 | 7.7 (7.1 to 8.4) | 7.1 (6.6 to 7.6) | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3) | .0009 | 7.0 (6.4 to 7.6) | 6.7 (6.4 to 7.1) | −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.1) | .1171 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173.9 (159.1 to 188.6) | 166.8 (152.9 to 180.7) | −7.1 (−17.0 to 2.9) | .1596 | 170.3 (151.0 to 189.6) | 164.4 (148.7 to 180.1) | −5.8 (−17.8 to 6.1) | .3176 | 177.3 (153.5 to 201.0) | 169.1 (144.9 to 193.2) | −8.2 (−25.1 to 8.7) | .3219 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 99.5 (87.4 to 111.7) | 95.1 (83.3 to 107.0) | −4.4 (−12.6 to 3.8) | .2842 | 94.0 (77.9 to 110.0) | 91.0 (78.5 to 103.5) | −3.0 (−12.9 to 7.0) | .5429 | 104.9 (85.5 to 124.2) | 99.1 (78.1 to 120.0) | −5.8 (−19.7 to 8.1) | .3916 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.3 (41.7 to 50.9) | 45.2 (41.0 to 49.4) | −1.1 (−3.4 to 1.2) | .3408 | 51.5 (43.6 to 59.4) | 48.7 (41.4 to 55.9) | −2.8 (−6.3 to 0.7) | .1103 | 41.4 (36.8 to 45.9) | 41.9 (37.2 to 46.5) | 0.5 (−2.7 to 3.7) | .7470 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 159.0 (125.9 to 192.1) | 151.2 (123.0 to 179.3) | −7.9 (−34.2 to 18.5) | .5498 | 139.1 (108.6 to 169.5) | 139.6 (109.3 to 169.9) | 0.5 (−17.5 to 18.6) | .9519 | 178.0 (118.1 to 237.8) | 162.2 (113.0 to 211.3) | −15.8 (−66.5 to 34.9) | .5218 |
SI conversions: To convert HbA1c to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01; total, HDL, LDL cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259; triglycerides to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
aP values are for change.