Table 2.
Summary of mechanisms through which each compound attenuates T2D-associated pathways in the context of inflammation and pre-mature β-cell death. (+) indicates a positive effect, and (−) indicates no significant effect. (*) denotes an in vitro study, while (#) denotes an in vivo study.
| NF-κB (Inhibition) |
TNF-α (Inhibition) |
Bcl-2 (Activation) |
FOXO-3a (Inhibition) |
PDX-1 (Activation) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EDL | + # | − | − | − | − |
| ENL | + * | + * | + * | − | − |
| ML | − | + * | − | − | − |
| SL | − | − | + * | + *# | − |
| KL | − | − | − | − | + * |
| QN | + * | + * | − | − | − |
| CA | − | − | − | − | − |